Signaling by electromagnetic waves.



' UNITED! STATES Patented Maren s, 1904.

y PATENT OFFICE.

RECINALD A. FESSENDEN, OE vEORTRESS MONROE, VIRGINIA, ASSICNOR, BY DIRECT AND'MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, TO THE NATIONAL ELECTRIC SIGNALINC COMPANY, OE PITTSRURG, PENNSYLVANIA, A CORPORA- TION OF NEW JERSEY.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No.-753,864, dated March 8, 1904.

Application filed October l, 1903. Serial No. 175,364. (No modell.)

ments in Signaling by ElectromagneticWaves,

of which improvements the following is a specification.

IO The invention described herein has forits obj ect the provision of suitable conductors for the transmission and receipt of energy, and more particularly for signaling by electromagnetic waves.

I It is also an object of this invention to prolvide such a construction that only a small portion of the energy will be discharged or radiated at each oscillation as compared with the fraction radiated by a wire of equal length and extending vertically from a point in the plane of the conductor to ground.

The invention is hereinafter more fully described and claimed.

In the accompanying drawing, forming a part of this specification, the gure illustrates diagrammatically a form of conductor embodying this invention.

A horizontal conductor as shown in the drawing is employed, having a large radiating area-fle., large capacity. This horizontal conductor may be formed by a group or network of wires. It is preferred to employ in connection with the horizontal conductor a metal cone 13, which serves to deflect the radiated waves and direct them along the surface ofthe earth.

If desired, a self-.inductance 14 may be placed in the circuit of the conductor la. This conductor is Vpreferably so constructed that its capacity is relatively much larger than that of a wire of equal length and extending vertically from apoint in the plane of the conductorl to ground. The wires forming this conductor are preferably round in cross-section.

The self-inductance 14 may be in the form ofa coil or, as shown in Fig. l, N o. 706,736,

in the local circuit at the sending end, in the form of an uncoiled wire.

Exact horizontality is not essential to the operativeness of my invention, and I do not intend to exclude other laterally-extending forms, which are'not horizontal-for example, the form shown by me in Electrical World mol Engineer, June 29, 1901. Similarly the u A location of the point at which the potential difference is applied is not essential to the operativeness of the device, though itis preferred to have it at the top of the ground extension or cone 13.

I claim herein asmy invention- 1. In a system of transmission of energy by electromagnetic waves, the combination of a laterally-extending conductor consisting of a series of wires adapted to radiate electromagnetic waves and having its capacity relatively much larger than that of a vertical wire of the same height as that of the conductor, and an inductance between the laterallyextended' portion and ground, substantially as set forth.

2. In a system of transmission of energy by electromagnetic waves, the combination of a l laterally-extending conductor of large capacity and formed of a number of laterallyextending wires, and an inductance between the laterally-extended portionand ground,

substantially as set forth.

3. In a system of transmission of energy by electromagnetic waves, the combination of a conductor adapted to radiate electromagnetic waves comprising a lateral extension consisting of a number of wires, the inductance of 8O the vertical portion forming the connection of the lateral extension to ground being greater per unit length than that of the lateral portion, substantially as set forth.

4. In a system of transmission of energy by electomagnetic waves, thecombination' of a laterally-extending conductor consisting "of a series of wires adapted to radiate electromagnetic waves and having its capacity relatively much larger than that of a vertical wire of the waves, comprising a lateral extension consisting of a number of wires and a coil of wire between the laterally-extended portion and ground, the induetance of such connection being greater per unit of length than that of the lateral portion, substantially as set forth.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand.

REGINALD A. FESSENDEN. Witnesses:

DOUGLAS O. MORGAN, WM. S. AYRES, Jr. 

